↳The Golden Rule of CI/CD is never build the same code twice.
↳Compilers are non-deterministic.
↳If you build your Java/Node app for the QA environment, test it, and then run a brand new build for Production, you are deploying code that has *never been tested*.
↳Dependencies might have updated in those 5 minutes.
↳Instead, the CI pipeline builds the artifact exactly once and pushes it to an Artifact Registry (like AWS ECR, JFrog Artifactory, or Sonatype Nexus).
↳The artifact is Immutable.
↳The CD pipeline simply pulls that exact same hash/tag and promotes it through QA, Staging, and Production.
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