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SYSTEM DESIGN PRACTICE
Scale Requires Math, Not Just Buzzwords.
Visualization: 1. Back of the Envelope Calculations
100M DAU
Daily Active Users
10,000 QPS
Throughput (Writes)
3.6 Petabytes
Storage (5 Years)
Cassandra
Massive write scale
AWS S3
Cheap Object Store
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1. Back of the Envelope Calculations
2. The Standard Architecture Progression
DOWNLOADING CONCEPT: 1. BACK OF THE ENVELOPE CALCULATIONS...
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In a system design interview, you must prove a design works using math.
Throughput
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If you have 100 million Daily Active Users (DAU), and each user makes 10 requests a day, that's 1 billion requests/day.
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1 billion / 100,000 seconds (roughly 1 day) =
10,000 QPS (Queries Per Second)
.
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A single standard database can't handle 10k writes/sec.
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You MUST shard or use a NoSQL solution.
Storage
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If users upload 1 million photos a day, at 2MB each, that's 2TB a day.
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Over 5 years, that's 3.6 Petabytes.
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You cannot store this in a block storage SAN.
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You MUST use an object store like S3.
▲ LIVE INCIDENT
You are designing a URL shortener (like bit.ly). Traffic is heavily skewed (some URLs get 10 million clicks a day, most get 0).
sre@arena:~/system-design-interviews
sre@arena
:
~
$
design_simulator analyze architecture.yaml
▶ EXECUTE COMMAND